Īmerican Meteorological Society (AMS) Glossary of Meteorology (2013). Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124:2031–2048. The advantage of a multi-sensor technique, such as PoLCast, with respect to an approach using weather radar data only, becomes more evident when lightning activity is not present and the leading time of lightning forecast exceeds 2.5 h.Īdhikari A, Liu C (2019) Geographical distribution of thundersnow events and their properties from GPM Ku-band radar. Even though the number of available cases is relatively limited, quantitative results show high areal PoL (from 0 to 100%) with a case-by-case variability of false alarm rate from 3 to 72%. PoLCast performances are evaluated in terms of statistical scores using 12 heterogeneous case studies over Central Italy. Both satellite and radar data are pre-processed into PoLCast to obtain a single time series in terms of the areal probability of lightning (PoL). Midia weather radar within its 180 km diameter coverage over the Central Italy area. To test the PoLCast methodology, the output of the Blitzortung and the “Sistema Italiano Rilevamento Fulmini” (SIRF) ground-based lightning sensor networks are used together with the C-band Mt. The weather radar data are used to calculate the probability of lightning following a direct relation between the maximum values of the reflectivity factor and the lightning occurrence, whereas the atmospheric instability indexes from SEVIRI are used to constrain the probability of lighting, derived from weather radar data, and enhance such probability in cases of more unstable troposphere. The PoLCast input information are the ground-based weather radar horizontally polarized reflectivity factor and the atmospheric instability indexes, derived from the Spin Enhanced Visible Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) radiometer onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. A new multi-sensor approach, named PoLCast (Probability of Lightning foreCast), for predicting the lightning activity in a complex orography geographical area is proposed and discussed.
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